Positive Deviance and Adolescent Physical Activity: Understanding Factors That Promote High Engagement

Abstract

Adolescent physical inactivity is a growing public health challenge with serious implications for long-term health outcomes. While many youths struggle to meet recommended physical activity levels, a subset known as positive deviants maintain exceptionally high engagement despite facing similar environmental and social barriers. This study explores the distinguishing factors that set positively deviant (physically active) adolescents apart from their less active peers. By using positive deviance theory, the present research highlights two main influences: positive body image, and higher level of general self-efficacy. The findings also indicate that personal drivers like enjoyment and resilience, strong support from family and friends, and proactive habits such as self-monitoring and goal-setting help maintain physical activity. Understanding these natural behaviors gives important insights for creating more relatable and effective health programs for youth. Future interventions should aim to strengthen existing positive behaviors in communities to encourage more young people to participate in active lifestyles.