Effectiveness of Comprehensive Sex Education on Adolescent Sexual Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education (CSE) programs in improving adolescent sexual health outcomes, including knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. The review synthesizes empirical studies published between 2020 and 2024, retrieved from databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, and SpringerLink, following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed. Findings indicate that CSE significantly enhances adolescents’ understanding of reproductive health, promotes safe sexual practices, and supports informed decision-making. Compared to abstinence-only approaches, CSE demonstrates greater effectiveness in reducing risky sexual behaviours, increasing contraceptive use, and improving emotional well-being. Interactive, inclusive, and culturally sensitive program designs were found to strengthen engagement and learning outcomes. The review underscores the importance of integrating evidence-based, developmentally appropriate, and accessible sex education within school curricula.