Non-Consensual Sexual Advances Towards Women in Public Spaces: Why do Indian Women Blame Themselves for It?

Abstract

This research aims to explore the psychological and socio-cultural factors that contribute to self-blame among young women who experience non-consensual sexual advances in public spaces. The study adopts a qualitative approach in order to gain deeper insights into women’s lived experiences, perceptions, and interpretations of such incidents within the broader socio-cultural context of India. For this study a sample of 15 women aged between 18-30 years residing in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai was selected using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore participant’s experiences, emotional responses, and coping mechanisms related to public-space harassment. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the collected data and identify recurring patterns. This led to appearance of themes and sub themes such as (1) Internalised self-blame and cognitive attribution, (2) Socio-cultural conditioning and victim blaming narratives, (3) Bystander apathy and social validation, (4) Learned helplessness and passive acceptance, and (5) Self-surveillance and behavioural adaptation. The findings suggest that self-blame is significantly shaped by socio-cultural norms, repeated exposure to harassment, and lack of social intervention. These findings highlight the importance of addressing victim-blaming attitudes and promoting safer and more supportive public spaces for women.