A Systematic Review on Artificial Intelligence in Psychological Assessment and Intervention

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into psychological assessment and mental health care interventions, prompting growing interest in its clinical utility as well as its ethical implications. This narrative review draws on empirical studies published between 2010 and 2024 to examine how AI-based tools are currently being used in psychological practice and to identify the challenges associated with their implementation. Existing evidence indicates that AI-driven technologies, particularly chatbot-based interventions and machine learning models, show moderate effectiveness in identifying and managing symptoms of depression and anxiety. At the same time, their use raises important concerns, including algorithmic bias, data privacy risks, limited transparency, and the potential impact on the therapeutic relationship. Within the Indian context, where gaps in mental health service delivery remain substantial, AI-based tools may offer more scalable and accessible forms of care. However, their successful implementation depends on careful consideration of cultural and linguistic diversity. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes the Integrative Ethical–Clinical Framework for Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Psychology (IECFRAP), which emphasises ethical governance, cultural sensitivity, and sustained human oversight. Future research should prioritise longitudinal and culturally diverse investigations to strengthen the evidence base for AI-assisted mental health care.