Social Media and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): A Study on Gen Z Behaviour and Psychological Impact

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of social media platforms has significantly influenced the psychological and behavioural patterns of Generation Z (born 1997–2012). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), defined as the apprehension of missing rewarding experiences observed through others’ social media activity, has emerged as a critical concern among young adults. This study investigates the multidimensional nature of social media-induced FOMO among Gen Z individuals in India, with a specific focus on identifying key FOMO dimensions, validating a seven-factor measurement scale, and examining whether FOMO intensity differs significantly across demographic characteristics. Primary data were collected from 197 valid Gen Z respondents through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) conducted in Jamovi confirmed acceptable model fit (CFI = 0.912, TLI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.066), validating the seven-factor structure. Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.959 confirmed excellent scale reliability. One-Way ANOVA results revealed that daily social media usage significantly differentiates Social Media Intensity and Academic and Productivity Impact, while gender significantly differentiates Coping Mechanisms and Digital Detox. The paper concludes with managerial implications for platform designers, educational institutions, mental health professionals, and policymakers.