Perceived Caste Discrimination, Self-Esteem and Emotional Maturity among Young Adults Belonging to the Dalit Community

Abstract

Caste continues to be one of the most pervasive systems of social stratification in India, despite decades of reform and legislation. This study investigated the relationship between perceived caste discrimination, self-esteem, and emotional maturity among Dalit young adults in Kerala. The sample consisted of 100 participants aged 20–30 years, selected through purposive sampling from multiple districts. Standardized instruments were employed to measure perceived caste discrimination, self-esteem, and emotional maturity. Data were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests and correlation analysis through SPSS. Findings revealed significant differences in perceived caste discrimination with respect to caste category and marital status. Scheduled Caste (SC) participants reported higher discrimination than Scheduled Tribe (ST) participants, while committed individuals perceived more discrimination than single or married participants. No significant caste-based differences were found in overall self-esteem, though self-worth varied, with SC participants showing higher self-worth than ST counterparts. Emotional maturity and most of its dimensions did not differ significantly across caste or marital status, except for lack of independence, which was higher among single participants. Correlational analyses showed a strong negative association between perceived caste discrimination and self-esteem, a weak negative association between caste discrimination and emotional maturity, and a strong positive association between self-esteem and emotional maturity. These findings highlight the deep psychological implications of caste discrimination, with effects on self-perceptions and emotional well-being of Dalit young adults. The study underscores the need for targeted social and psychological interventions to foster resilience and empowerment.